Voynich Manuscript: The Final Piece of the Puzzle

I have examined Voynich pages for a long time. Many many Persian words and sentences were recognizable. With the same deciphering method for all these pages. My friends were able to understand meanings and few learnt the process.

Last days I've been giving meanings from different pages. And today I have a surprise for all friends. 

Folio116R - Book of Sicily >>

"Written notebooks of Roger" 

According to the meanings, the book belonged to King Roger. Roger II, (born December 22, 1095—died February 26, 1154, Palermo [Sicily]), was grand count of Sicily (1105–30) and king of the Norman kingdom of Sicily (1130–54). Deprived of paternal influence from the age of five, Roger was brought up in a cosmopolitan, multilingual world of Greek and Muslim tutors and secretaries and soon revealed an exotic strain in his nature. [1]

In 1145 C.E., al-Idrisi became an advisor to King Roger II of Sicily. Roger II hired al-Idrisi to create an updated world map. Al-Idrisi sent travelers and geographers around the world to gather knowledge for this updated map and others.[2] It was inscribed on a massive disc of solid silver, two metres in diameter. As well as the maps, al-Idrisi produced a compendium of geographical information with the title Kitab nuzhat al-mushtaq fi'khtiraq al-'afaq. The title has been translated as The book of pleasant journeys into faraway lands. In the introduction, al-Idrisi mentions two sources for geographical coordinates: Claudius Ptolemy and "an astronomer" that must be Ishaq ibn al-Hasan al-Zayyat [3] His book also discusses the plants of each country, and none of the existing copies is complementary, and more or less they have tried to summarize it, and it seems that all of them are different abbreviations of this book.[4] Among the lesser known works of al-Idrisi is a medical dictionary that he compiled in which he brings down a list of simple drugs and plants and their curative effects, used by physicians, apothecaries and merchants in his day.[3] The castles drawn in the manuscript resembles the ones in Sicily. 

The indication of Tat, would match with the language observed in many pages:

1. Term was used as "Persian" itself by Rumi in his poems. In general Tat means "Persian who doesn't speak Turkic" 

 2. Tati is one of the oldest Iranian languages ​​that has preserved many features of the ancient Iranian languages ​​and according to some linguists and researchers is a surviving Median language. [5] The Tati language (Tati: تاتی زبون, Tâti Zobun ) is a Northwestern Iranian language which is closely related to the Talysh, Mazandarani and Gilaki languages spoken by the Tat people of Iran. It is for the most part mutually intelligible with Persian. Tats are a subgroup of Northwestern Iranians. [7]

The Tat people (also: Tat, Parsi, Daghli, Lohijon) are an Iranian people presently living within Azerbaijan and Russia (mainly Southern Dagestan). Since the 11th century Oghuz tribes, led by Seljuq dynasts started to penetrate into the region. The gradual formation of the Azeri people started. Apparently, in this period the Turkic exonym Tat or Tati, which designated settled farmers, was assigned to the South Caucasian dialect of the Persian language. [6] 

In my opinion it must be Persian because we had word Pars in first page. And the literature is more understandable with Farsi. 

In the followings, I will discuss the words:

1. باات 

Baa - at 

Meaning in dictionaries is "Staying overnight" 

2. دراری

Da -raa- ree

"Bright and big stars" (plural of دری) 

3. The third word needs more examination. 

A) ار 

Ar 

If 

B) آمد

Aa-mad

"Come. 3sg" 

B') رام 

Ram 

The colliqual form of "روم" in meaning "I go" 

A') آرام

Aa- raam

"Quiet and calm"

A") آرامد

A- raam- ad

3sg from infinitive "آرامدن" in meaning of "sleep" 

 5. قارب 

Ghaa- reb

"small ship", "one who passes in water at night" 

This word can have various meanings but because of "a" being bold, and "passing at night" I prefer to get it as ship. The other one less or more acceptable is:

A)غربة

Ghar-bat

Meaning "distance and being far" 

So one of the combination would be:

Ba-at  da-raa-ri ar amad ghareba

"Staying over night, bright and big stars, if the ship came" 

The other combination 

Ba-at da-raa-ria, raam gharbat

"Staying overnight of bright and big stars, I go (to the) far" 

Ba-at da-raa-ri aramad gharbat 

"Staying overnight, bright and big stars, sleeps (in) exile."

As you can see the first one is more complete.

 

The second part is: 

1. جگتهار

This word is from Sanskrit. 

Jagthar 

"Jagata" means universe and the "Jagthar" is "one who attracts the world". 

2. دفاتر

Da-phaa-ter

Plural of "دفتر" in meaning of "notebooks", "scrolls" 

3. مسطر

Ma-sat-tar

"lined, written" 

4. رجر

Ra-ger

"Roger", the dictionaries have the difinition as "Roger II or King Roger, the king of Sicily" 

Jagathar daphaater e masattar e Rager

"Attractive written notebooks of Roger" 

5. The words here again need further examination 

A) ابد

A-bad

"Ethernal" 

B) یابد

Ya-bad

3sg from infinitive "یاب" in meaning "finds" 

The meanings can turn into: 

"Finds the attractive written notebooks of King Roger"

 

6. تحد

Ta- had

From "تحدی", which means " intending to do something" or " challenging". 

7. وریتا

Vari-taa

"Flower", this word must be from ورتا "varta" an old Persian term which later changed into  ورد"vard" in Arabic in same meaning. This word is frequently present in herbal section of the manuscript. 

8. تات

Taa-t

"Persian who doesn't speak Turkic"

9. اس

As

 است "Ast", "To be. 3sg"  

9. رجتتک

A) Roj- jat 

Intense shaking

B) A + آک >> 

"ak" which is added to "Roj- jat/ Raj.." is a suffix, turning the meaning to "Shivering" like an adj.

10. جتری

Jatari

Name of the writer given in first page and also some other pages. 

There are better reading for second part:

وریتاتا تسار .. 

Here it would be 

تسار

Ta-saar

Means 

"Telling Secret" 

 

And over all, "Varitata tasaar", with omission of one ta, it seems like:

"Telling secret of flower"

And جتتک

Small  Jat "جت", a group of Indians

Or  it can be:

جاتک

Jaatak 

جا in meaning of place. 

11. مرج کدت

A) مرج

Ma- raj 

The J can change into Z, in some words like ارج arj the word is now ارز arz both having same meaning. Now here with similar process it will become Ma- raz مرض in meaning "Disease" 

B) کدت 

Ka-dat

کده, کد >> ‌"The house and place" mostly used in old Persian. Remaining in today's words such as "آشپز کده" =place of the chef = Kitchen, same here it would be: "place of disease" = Hospital. 

12. در

Dar 

"At"

Now the combination gives a poetic writing:

Raj-jat-tak  ja-ta-ree, ma-raj kad-a-taa daree

Meaning: 

"The shivering Jatari in the hospital."

 

Or

Jaat-tak  ja-ta-ree, ma-raj kad-a-taa daree 

"The place of Jatari is in hospital"

Jat-tak ja-ta-ree, ma-raj kad-a-taa daree

" small jat: jatari is in the hospital" 

And when the third part is added 

مجری او

Meaning "his/her drug container" 

There we can find the third meaning. 

مرج کدتا دری مجری او

"His medicine container is in hospital"

The writings are part of the ending paragraphs therefore after the whole is done we can have better insight. Right now just one part is permanent "The Written notebooks of Roger" 

----

1. Cooper, J. Julius and Norwich, . 2nd Viscount (2021, February 22). Roger II. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Roger-II

2. Al-Idrisi, National Geographic Society (Jan. 27, 2020), https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/al-idrisi/

3. Muhammad al-idrisi, Wikipedia.org

4. "ادریسی", Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute web, https://dehkhoda.ut.ac.ir/fa/dictionary/24784/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C

5."تات ها چه کسانی هستند", خانه ی تالش, http://taleshan.blogfa.com/post/283

6. Tat people (Caucasus), Wikipedia.org

7. Tati language (Iran), Wikipedia.org